Approach to Care of Cancer free essay sample

Malignant growth is viewed as the subsequent driving reason for death in the United States coming about in about 25% of passings (Copstead, Banasik, 2010). The term malignant growth incorporates a group of more than one hundred illnesses. In spite of the fact that there are different sorts of malignant growth, all diseases start because of strange cells development. The ordinary quality of a dangerous cell is that they develop wild and attack other tissue through the circulatory system or lymph vessels. In the event that untreated, malignant growths can bring about genuine confusions and demise (American disease Society (ACS), 2012). In spite of the fact that the reason for different diseases stays obscure, still there are a few referred to causes, for example, hereditary components; way of life factors, for example, smoking, liquor use, diet, and physical movement; particular sorts of contaminations for instance, HPV and HIV; and ecological exposures to various kinds of synthetic substances and radiation (ACS, 2014). It is anticipated by ACS (2012) that 1/2 everything being equal and 1/3 of all ladies in the United States will create malignant growth in the course of their life. We will compose a custom article test on Way to deal with Care of Cancer or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The danger of numerous malignant growths could be limited by way of life alteration and screening. This paper will talk about the analysis and arranging of malignancy, three inconveniences of the illness, symptoms of treatment, and strategies to limit physical and mental impacts of disease medicines. Conclusion There is certainly not a solitary test to affirm the determination of malignant growth; it requires arrangement of various test to affirm the analysis. It as a rule starts with acquiring nitty gritty history and directing physical assessment. The patient side effects vary contingent upon the sort and degree of the illness. Restricted indications of malignancy identify with the essential site of the infection. The seven admonition indications of malignancy remembers change for entrail or bladder propensities, an irritated that doesn't mend, bizarre draining or release, thickening or irregularity in a territory of the body, heartburn or trouble in gulping, evident change in mole or mole, and annoying hack or dryness (Copstead, Banasik, 2010). Nearness of any of these signs, alongside point by point history, won't affirm the conclusion yet alert the specialist to begin a total malignant growth work up. The stir up will incorporate imaging studies to recognize area, size, or potentially metastasis. The imaging studies may incorporate x-beams, processed tomography (CT) examines, attractive reverberation imaging (MRI) outputs, and positron discharge tomography (PET) filters (National Cancer Institute, 2014). Lab test may incorporate investigations of blood, pee and other natural liquids. It might likewise incorporate tests for different tumor markers, which might be raised because of quality of disease (National Cancer Institute, 2014). For instance, raised prostate-explicit antigen (PSA) may demonstrate prostate malignancy, and raised alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) may show liver disease (Stanford Medicine, 2014). Every one of these tests may propose nearness of malignant growth however to set up a complete finding and appropriately order the illness biopsy is fundamental. A malignant growth conclusion is generally affirmed by acquiring cell or tissue test for pathology concentrate through biopsy. There are different strategies for tissue expulsion for assessment. For instance, fine needle biopsy (fine needle desire), center needle biopsy (center biopsy), excisional or incisional biopsy, endoscopic biopsy, and skin biopsies (ACS, 2013). Independent of the procedure, the objective of the tiny assessment is to affirm the determination of malignant growth. The pathologist could normally review and show the kind of malignant growth by minute assessment with routine preparing and recoloring yet once in a while extra tests are required. For instance, immunohistochemical (IHC) or immunoperoxidase stains, electron microscopy, stream cytometry, picture cytometry, cytogenetics, and Polymerase chain response (PCR) (ACS, 2013). Arranging Grading and organizing in disease is use to anticipate the guess of a harmful tumor and to design treatment modalities. Reviewing signifies to the histologic characterization of tumor cells and decides the level of anaplasia. Regularly reviewing frameworks group tumors in 3-4 classifications of expanding degrees of danger. Treatment is for the most part dictated by the organizing of the tumor. Arranging characterizes the site and spread of a tumor in an individual patient. Arranging considers the tumor size, degree of nearby development, lymph hub and organ inclusion, and nearness of removed metastases. There are distinctive arranging frameworks being used; in any case, the global TNM organizing framework is most generally utilized framework for malignancy organizing (Copstead, Banasik, 2010). â€Å"T† speaks to the primary tumor, â€Å"N† demonstrates lymph hub inclusion, and â€Å"M† identifies with metastasis. A numeric worth is place close to each letter to indicate the size and degree of the tumor and the level of metastasis. For instance, Tx implies tumor isn't quantifiable, T0 demonstrates no essential tumor discovered, Tis means carcinoma in situ (present yet not spread), and T1-4 shows the size and degree of the essential tumor. When alluding to lymph hubs Nx implies local lymph hubs couldn't be assessed, N0 signifies that no lymph hub contribution present, and N1-3 shows the level of lymph hub association. When arranging metastasis Mx implies far off metastasis can't be assessed, M0 means that there is no inaccessible metastasis, and M1 shows that far off metastasis is available (National Cancer Institute, 2014). Albeit, most sorts of malignant growth utilizes TNM evaluation framework to organize the power of the disease, specific arranging rules may fluctuate with tumors in various organ framework, for example, bosom malignancy (Copstead, Banasik, 2010). The results of the organizing procedure will administer the decision of disease treatment. The medical procedure, radiation treatment, or chemotherapy might be utilized, independently or in mix to pulverize the malignant growth cells. Kept neighborhood tumors might be treated with medical procedure and radiation treatment; anyway sign of metastasis would require incorporation of chemotherapy in the treatment routine (Copstead, Banasik, 2010). Confusions Complications coming about because of this dangerous infection are as assorted as the various kinds of disease itself. The seriousness may fluctuate from individual to individual contingent upon the patients’ wellbeing status, phase of disease and zone or organ influenced. The inconveniences could be isolated in two general classifications, for example, physical and mental entanglements. Physical Complications Among different physical complexities torment is the most dreaded entanglement of the malady procedure. The component of torment could relate legitimately to the sickness itself or by implication because of the treatment and methods. Malignant growth agony may emerge because of direct weight, hindrance, intrusion of metastatic cells into organs or bone, tissue devastation, and irritation (Copstead, Banasik, 2010). The treatment and methods, for example, biopsies and intravenous treatment may turn into extra contributing variables for torment (Copstead, Banasik, 2010). Giving sufficient agony the executives and backing for related indications is a principle obligation of the social insurance group. Torment the executives should be individualized dependent on patient’s torment observation and reaction. Patients ought to be urged to report torment, and yet the medicinal services proficient should be aware of social and social ramifications concerning torment discernment. Agony managementâ includes organization of analgesics varying or on booked premise, giving alternatives to quiet controlled absense of pain, non-pharmacological mediations, for example, reflection, and overseeing exercises to limit torment (Copstead, Banasik, 2010). Another entanglement of disease is bone marrow concealment which prompts iron deficiency, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. The reason for bone marrow concealment could be intrusion and decimation of blood-framing cells in the bone marrow, poor nourishment, and chemotherapeutic medications (Copstead, Banasik, 2010). Iron deficiency signifies to inadequate coursing red platelets. The signs and side effects showed by a patient may incorporate exhaustion, tachycardia, and tachypnea because of diminished oxygen-conveying limit. Leukopenia alludes to decrease in white platelets available for use. This endangers a patient’s ability to battle contaminations, accordingly turning into a main consideration for poor guess. The patient may exhibit signs and side effects of contamination, for example, fever, chills, hack, or the runs. Thrombocytopenia implies a shortfall in flowing platelets, which could prompt lethal discharging. The patient could show signs and side effects of draining, for example, wounds, hematuria, and so on. These issues are overseen by organization of blood items. In chose circumstances, development factors, for example, erythropoietin (Epogen) or granulocyte-animating components (Neupogen), are additionally controlled to improve the creation of red and white platelets (Copstead, Banasik, 2010). Symptoms of Treatment Surgery is the principal alternative for patients with strong, confined tumors. Notwithstanding giving examples to biopsy, it could be therapeudic if the disease is identified at a beginning time. In high hazard populace, it is additionally utilized as a precaution mediation. Careful mediation contains potential dangers identified with organization of sedation, danger of disease, and blood misfortune. Also, it might cause distortion or cause loss of capacity prompting physical and mental issues (Copstead, Banasik, 2010). Contingent upon the issue, patients could be offered pharmacological help if there should arise an occurrence of agony and contamination and guiding for mental concerns. For anticipation of disease legitimate injury the board is important. Moreover arrangement ofâ prosthesis, wigs and other such supplies could assist quiet with adapting issues of adjusted mental self view. Chemotherapy involves sy

Slave Conspiracy of 1741 Free Essays

Strain had consistently existed between the whites and the blacks even before the slave connivance of 1741. This pressure was not absolutely racial but at the same time was monetary in nature. Most slaves so as to endure offered their work for a modest quantity and occupied with a similar exchange as their lords. We will compose a custom article test on Slave Conspiracy of 1741 or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now This pressure was at its top in early piece of the seventeenth Century when there was 1 slave for each four white. Accordingly, a huge number of whites were uprooted from their work and endured destitution. In view of the modest administrations they offered, the dark slaves flopped in their opposition against the white. Due to these strains and the dread that some time or another these slaves will lead an uprising against the whites, laws were passed against them. The developments were limited. They were seriously rebuffed for each commission of an offense, regardless of whether it was a minor infraction. They were abused and were given almost no rights by any means. Maybe in light of the abuse they encountered, in April 1712, two dozen slaves consumed structures in New York and utilized firearms, tomahawks and blades to assault the individuals who attempted to put out the blast. The slaves murdered or injured twenty whites before the police captured them. In excess of twenty slaves were gone after for treachery and murder. Brutal punishment was forced against the individuals who saw as blameworthy. They were either hanged or consumed. In 1741, the whites were exhausted that the 1712 occasion will happen once more. The occasions were hard for the whites however it was more terrible for the dark slaves. Strain was felt to such an extent that an insignificant trace of turmoil had the impact of making alarm among the whites inspired by a paranoid fear of slave disobedience. The slave revolt which had occurred in neighboring nations, for example, South Carolina and Caribbean added to this pressure. â€Å"New York Slave Insurrection of 1741†) II. The alleged Slave Conspiracy of 1741 In Feb 1741, there was a confined instance of robbery in New York submitted by a dark slave named Caesar. This instance of robbery was later on associated with a progression of secretive fire that will inevitably be accused against the slaves. The first o f this arrangement of fire began in March 1741 when the place of a lieutenant senator was attacked by fire. At first the lieutenant proclaimed that the reason for the fire was because of a handyman who utilized live coals while fixing a canal in his home. John V. Morris) Several days after a progression of flames occurred in New York. In spite of the fact that the reason for the fire was clarified by the proprietors of these houses, bits of gossip spread rapidly that the slaves are plotting against them and that they need to oust the administration. The doubt that a scheme was being incubated by the slaves expanded as the instances of flames developed in number. In April, a progression of flames broke out again. This time, a dark man was seen fleeing from the scene. A white man careful about a slave uprising attempted to get him and shouted that â€Å"The Negroes are rising! The slave was in the long run gotten and attempted. Presently there appeared to be proof which demonstrates that the flames are not coincidental and that it is deliberately being finished by slaves. Now, worried about the gossipy tidbits about a slave uprising, the city gathering requested an extraordinary examination on this issue. Despite the fact that nothing concrete was discovered, the examination directed simply exacerbated things and e scalated the gossipy tidbits about a slave intrigue. Prior to these events, Caesar, the individual who submitted the thievery in February of 1741 was in the end captured in the bar of Hughson. Hughson was quickly associated with accepting taken merchandise. At first, the allegation against him was constrained to the acquisition of taken things. Yet, the specialists found Mary Burton, the obligated slave of Hughson who professed to know something about the burglary however was at first hesitant to affirm against him saying that: â€Å"I’ll be killed or harmed by the Hughsons and the negroes for what I should let you know. † (George Dewan) Mary Burton was promptly positioned under defensive care. Now the arrangement of fire broke out. The city gathering started to engage the likelihood that the fires was really crafted by fire playing criminals and that there is a slave scheme to oust the legislature. This was filled when in one of the flames referenced over, a dark slave was seen fleeing from the fire and yells of â€Å"The Negroes are Rising were heard† Mary Burton made the association between the burglary and the pyromania when she affirmed before the jury that the slaves were plotting to consume the city and slaughter the whites. 'In their regular discussions they used to state that when this was done, Caesar ought to be representative, and Hughson, my lord, king,† (George Dewan) Because of this declaration, the Caesar was sentenced and hanged. Something very similar happened to Hughson and his significant other however till the last possible second of their lives they prevented their insight from securing and association in any slave intrigue yet conceded th at they bought taken products from the slaves. (John Morris) The captures proceeded and a few others were hanged with no immediate proof and simply based on Mary Burton’s declaration. It bears focusing on that her declaration was loaded with irregularities yet regardless of this the jury offered belief to her. The preliminaries and executions finished in August of 1741 when John Ury was sentenced. He was a teacher who had a dominance of Latin. He was in like manner captured when Mary Burton out of nowhere recollected about him being one of the plotters to the trick. In any case, during the term of the preliminary, Mary Burton made no notice of him. After the preliminary, Mary Burton got her prize from the city on Sept. 2, 1742. It totaled 100 pounds real, all that could possibly be needed to pay for her opportunity. Before the finish of the preliminaries, 160 blacks and 21 whites had been captured, 17 blacks were hanged as were four whites, 13 African were scorched in question, and 72 blacks were ousted from New York. (â€Å"The New York Slave Insurrection of 1741†) III. End Adopting the expressions of Thomas J. Davis, â€Å"New York’s authorities entertained themselves and the general population in showcasing their apprehensions. They just hoodwinked themselves by arranging genuine clutters into a solitary plan where all the adversaries of the English world out of nowhere surfaced. † I share the perspective on most students of history on the issue of whether there was â€Å"The Slave Conspiracy of 1741† or â€Å"The Great Negro Plot. † I trust it didn't exist. From the perspective of law, there is scheme when at least two people go to an understanding in regards to the commission of a wrongdoing and choose to submit it. In demonstrating scheme, it isn't vital that there be an immediate proof of trick or that verification of the understanding be delivered. Scheme might be gathered from the demonstrations of at least two people when at least two people continue toward the achievement of a similar target, each doing his own demonstration, with the goal that their demonstrations however apparently free were in actuality associated indicating a closeness of previous affiliation and simultaneousness of supposition. For this situation, the dark slaves and a few whites were being accused of scheme to consume the whites and oust the administration. The proof submitted was just oneself serving affirmation of Mary Burton the contracted slave of Mr. Hughson who after the preliminary got 100 pounds real which was sufficient to get her opportunity and appreciate the remainder of the cash for herself. For one to be sentenced for trick there must be a demonstrating that there a typical reason and plan in seeking after the goal. The realities referenced above anyway don't show that a connivance existed. There was no indicating that the arrangement of flames were deliberately dedicated to oust the legislature. Reports of the proprietors of the houses consumed even had a sensible clarification with regards to why the fire happened in opposition to the charges that there was illegal conflagration. There was moreover no demonstrating that the arrangement of flames was associated and that there is just one gathering liable for it. In opposition to the declaration of Mary Burton, the proof shows that the arrangement of flames were unintentional. Further there was in like manner no demonstrating that the theft that occurred in February 1741 was associated with the flames that happened half a month after. Customarily, an individual who is going to bite the dust would concede the offense he had submitted. Hughson anyway didn't concede that he was a piece of the intrigue however he conceded that he bought taken products from slaves. 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Sample on Business Planning Models

Sample on Business Planning Models Essay on Business Planning Models Feb 4, 2019 in Business Introduction The rationale of how an organization delivers creates and captures value that is social, economic and cultural can be described in its business model. The construction of the business model is also a part of the business strategy. The term business model in practice and theory can be used for a wide range of formal and informal descriptions to represent main business aspects that include offering, purpose, infrastructure, strategies, trading practices, organizational structures and operational policies and processes. There have been diverse definitions and interpretations in the business model literature. A systematic analysis and review of manager responses to surveys define business models as the organizational structures designed to enact an opportunity commercially. This design focuses on the use of coherence and narrative in business model mechanisms by successful firms established by entrepreneurs. Some of the most typical business models include collective business models, bri ck- and click business model, direct sales business model, cutting out the middle men model and so on (Petrovic, Kittl Teksten, 2001). Discussion The contrast and comparison between the divergent business plan models can be found in their implementation in which, once it is established it can implicitly or explicitly employ a strategic model that common types of business can use to describe the value creation, architecture, delivery and mechanisms that are relevant for the business enterprise success. In addition, the way they are used to differentiate the way the value delivery, profit conversion and payment of the customer is done by the implemented business enterprises is another aspect that is common among them. In this manner, they can be used to highlight the hypothesis by the management on the customers needs, and the way they can organize and address the organizations requirements. Contrast on the model implementation is on how they are used to explore future product or service implementation by exploring, classifying and describing the business model. They defer on their creative operation recipes, this implies that t hey have to be careful in the specific choices and a single model can not be used for all organizational cases. Some strategies also require expertise to be effective and their relevance may not be easily accessible to all, like in the case of internet (George Bock, 1997).

Speech Analysis The Apology - 858 Words

The speech title is deceiving to the eye, this speech isn’t even an apology, and it’s more of defense speech. Socrates uses the speech to defend his accusations against him. In the story, â€Å"The Apology† Socrates is on trial for accusation like, â€Å"corrupting the youth† and â€Å"impiety.† Through this following essay, According the following: what Socrates means of knowledge or wisdom and why he thought that knowledge/wisdom was the best means of happiness and perfecting the soul, what kind of knowledge is the best, how did he react to the oracle, and what we thought about his accusations in the court and if we think he deserved his punishment. First of all, Socrates defines knowledge as, acknowledging the limits of one’s own knowledge. In â€Å"the Apology,† Socrates defines it as, â€Å"I know that I know nothing.† When he was questioning the politicians, he found out they were very wise, but they didn’t know much of anything. After them he questioned the poets and the poets seemed to be incapable of explaining their well-known works. Socrates came to the conclusion that their intellect didn’t come from their wisdom, but from their instinct or inspiration which is no way connected to their intellect. Several bystanders take Socrates to be an expert in the fields, in which he questions others, he denies of any expertise, and interprets the oracle as saying that the wisest of men are men like Socrates who humbly accept that their wisdom is deficient. He claimed he was wise, in the limitedShow MoreRelatedThe Speech Act Of Apology999 Words   |  4 Pagesthe problem Speech acts can be defined as things people do when they speak. This means that they use the language to tell information, make request and express feelings and attitudes, etc. The speech act of apology is an act used by people to express their feelings and attitudes about certain situations and settings. Apologies are very important in resolving conflicts. They aim at maintaining and reforming social fracture caused by the offence done by the speaker. Speech act of apology is of greatRead MoreIndigenous Speeches Research Essay798 Words   |  3 PagesSpeeches are an iconic and widely used means of expression for our political leaders, particularly when discussing issues of importance such as Indigenous Australia. Paul Keating’s ‘Redfern Speech’ and Kevin Rudd’s ‘Apology to Australia’s Indigenous Peoples’ are the two political speeches which I will be analysing in this paper. The structure of this paper will follow the Cultural Competency Framework as a means for exploring the above stated speeches. This framework moves through knowledge; informedRead MoreAboriginal And Torres Strait Islanders1290 Words   |  6 PagesIslanders for equality and social justice and acknowledged their right to make decisions about matters affecting their own lives. In recognition however of the past injustices faced, Australia’s Prime Minister of 2008, Kevin Rudd, presented an apology speech as a sign of respect to all the Indigenous people and Torres Strait Islander’s. In doing so, this humble and righteous action has broken down the racial barrier between Aboriginals and Australians. Ultimately, promoting the rights of indigenousRead MoreApology of Socrates Summart924 Words   |  4 PagesSummary Platos The Apology is an account of the speech Socrates makes at the trial in which he is charged with not recognizing the gods recognized by the state, inventing new deities, and corrupting the youth of Athens. Socrates speech, however, is by no means an apology in our modern understanding of the word. The name of the dialogue derives from the Greek apologia, which translates as a defense, or a speech made in defense. Thus, in The Apology, Socrates attempts to defend himself andRead MoreThe Reconciliation Of Two Positions1696 Words   |  7 Pagesthat is still being discussed today by historians and philosophers alike. Socrates is renowned for standing up for his beliefs even in the midst of death as portrayed in Plato’s account of Socrates’ defense speech, Apology, in which he gave during his 339 B.C. trial. It is in this eminent speech that Socrates is able show the dedication he has for philosophy, even going as far as to say that he would rather die than to ever c ease practicing philosophy. On the other hand, in the Crito, a dialogue betweenRead MoreA Summary On Socrates s Apology1332 Words   |  6 PagesLucas Barbosa 140108290 Dr. Shelly Beal BF299-BR3-BR4 23 March 2016 Socrates’s Attentive Apology The fight to do what is right is not an easy path to traverse, but is one which demands a noble and enduring character. Defending principles of justice with logic and reason in the face of political opposition, is a difficult task to take, but the elusive Socrates boldly undertook this endeavor. In Plato’s Apology, he recalls the daring defence of the principles of truth that Socrates took against allRead MoreSocial Distance, Power And Degree Of Imposition817 Words   |  4 Pagesreason, such combinations of variables will not be taken into consideration. Though gender is another variable characterizing the DCT questions, it will not be object of analysis for this questionnaire. For what concerns the mode of questioning, we have chosen a close DCT, i.e. the one explicitly eliciting the required speech act. In fact, even though it has been criticised because of a presumed influencing effect over the participant, studies have demonstrated that there is no significant differenceRead MoreAnalysis Of Platos Apology On The Man Of Save The Day, But Not Himself1285 Words   |  6 Pagesnot Himself An Analysis of Plato’s Apology Socrates, painted as a humble man who never had any of his own writings, and often speculated to be illiterate, is considered one of the major partisans of Western philosophy. Western philosophy is the philosophical thought of the western world. This idea proves to be quite accurate when considering Plato’s Apology, the apology of Socrates which is not really considered an apology but a defense. In the ancient Greek era, the word apology meant to defendRead MoreWhat Are The Charges Against Socrates?1019 Words   |  5 PagesPHIL 1301 30 October 2015 What are the charges against Socrates as recorded in the Apology. Is he guilty of them? Why or why not? The Apology is assumed to be the most realistic account that has been conserved of Socrates defense of himself as it was presented before the Athenian Council. It is in essential agreement with the references to the trial that occur in Plato s other dialogs. We may determine that Apology is not written by Socrates and only contains the words of Socrates that were memorizedRead MoreThe Presentation of Socrates Arguements in Plato’s Apology and Crito792 Words   |  4 PagesIn both Plato’s Apology and Crito, Plato presents Socrates arguments clearly and precisely. Socrates is wise man with a different perspective on life, which presents us with a mass of contradictions. Socrates is an expressive man, yet he never recorded any works. He is ignorant, but wrongfully convicted who is willing to fight his unjust execution. Behind these dilemmas is an opposition not often explored. Socrates is the most patriotic of philosophers, who is dedicated to his state. Exploring this

Mel Chin An Contemporary Art - 2160 Words

Mel Chin is a local Contemporary artist from Houston, Texas. He was born in 1951 and was the of his family to be born in the U.S. Mel Chin studied at Peabody College in Nashville, TN, graduating in 1975. Even at a young age Mel Chin had an interest in art. His parents owned a grocery store where Chin would make portraits out of ground meat. Even his high school English teacher Shirley Wiley could see the artistic potential within Chin. â€Å"Supplied with a special electricity from the Primal Source, M.Chin hums quietly along without the usual electrical short-circuit, for he is calm, pleasant, gentle, and exploited by us all, including me†, said Chin’s English teacher Shirley Wiley. He drew cartoons for the school paper and put a touch of his artistic skill on school projects. Chin has been active the contemporary art world from the late 1970’s to the present. Mel Chin has received numerous awards and grants for his works since early in this career. One of hi s earlier achievements was the Visual Arts Commission for the Houston Festival in 1982. Chin works with various mediums ranging from earthworks to sculptors and more. The ideas for Chin’s work usually come from social, political, and environmental issues. Mel Chin can be described as an artist that is difficult to categorize. One of Chin’s earlier projects was See/Saw: The Earthwork for Herman Park here in Houston. Chin worked on that project a year after graduating from Peabody College. See/Saw features two-planterShow MoreRelatedEssay on Post Modern Artists882 Words   |  4 PagesPost Modern Artists The realm of postmodern art encompasses various aspects of contemporary styles. There is no set format to creating artwork anymore. Art pieces in the past basically conformed to the Kantian-Hegelian theory of art. Thomas McEvilley claim, It was essentially an aesthetic theory of art, which held Beauty is a universal force that enters the soul with immediate, unquestionable authority at the instant when the soul approaches the beautiful objectRead MoreThe Censorship of Art Essay example14698 Words   |  59 PagesThe Censorship of Art While the censorship of art is not a new phenomenon, recent years have witnessed renewed and intensified attempts to control popular culture. In particular, rap and rock music have come under increasing attack from various sides representing the entire left and right political spectrum, purportedly for their explicit sexual and violent lyrical contents. In this paper is investigated which moral codes underlie these claims against popular music, how social movements mobilize

Siddhartha Dualism vs Monoism Free Essays

Western thought also states that e must live moral and just lives, free of sin. If I had to decide which philosophy is more forgiving and nurturing towards people, I would have to say that the Eastern realm of thought is less biased than the Western thought. Although I do not believe in a certain faith or god, Eastern thought appeals to me greater as opposed to the biased Western thought. We will write a custom essay sample on Siddhartha Dualism vs Monoism or any similar topic only for you Order Now The divine nature of the Eastern faith is more lenient and clear on underlying their concept and principles of a moral life. Western philosophy, as stated before is more biased towards its own beliefs. Western thought states that in order to reach salvation, you must follow the bible and live by Its guidelines and that you only get one chance at redemption and that everything else Is evil and a sure way to damnation. Eastern thought Is more lenient towards achieving the ultimate goal. Monism states that you don’t have to be a monk or a spiritual man to achieve salvation but you can learn to achieve salvation introspectively through your own way. Where as Dualism weighs people on sin, Monism weighs people based on Karma. Karma is the basic concept that every action will have an equal reaction in the future. Dualism states that we are all Judged by our Karma. Monism is clearer on the cycle of life and says that our Karma will determine what we will be reincarnated as. Western thought however states that we are weighed by our bad actions and that we only get one more chance at redemption or we do not reach salvation at all. To sum It up, monism has a very forgiving policy on redemption. In Western faith, It Is said that after one has parted from the physical world, he or he shall be Judged by the ultimate Judger to see If he or she Is worthy of salvation. In Eastern faith, once one has parted into the spirit world and has reached enlightenment, he or she shall live in everlasting bliss and get answers to all his or he questions. In all honesty, I think the afterlife is an illusion and that once we part from this world, it’s over. The afterlife seems to be a little farfetched and too vague for it to be true. And even if there are spirits resembling about, we never seem to see them come alive. Eastern thought however seems a little more reasonable and self- explanatory rather than the west’s notion of the afterlife. There are many deferent faiths in this world that millions believe in. Religion is a very powerful, very influential force in the world. There are many different view, different morals and different guidelines. One thing they all have in common Is the goal to reach salvation In an unknown afterlife. There are many evils that come from religion but good can also come from It as well. No belief Is true, there Is no one proper way how to live one’s life. Society may set the laws and regulations that How to cite Siddhartha Dualism vs Monoism, Papers

Pfs- Banana Paper free essay sample

Banana is one of the most abundant fruit crops  in the Philippines. It is also one of the sources of income for farmers. Banana has various uses that can be turned into many processed products. In addition to banana exporting,  processing  banana into  different products  could mean  additional income  for banana farmers. Banana can be processed to make  Banana Flour, Banana Pastilyas, Banana Puree, Dried Banana Blossoms,  Banana Chips, Pastilyas De Saging,  Banana Wine, Banana Vinegar, Banana Figs,  Banana Sauce, Sauce from Banana Peeling, Paste from Banana Peeling,  Vinegar from Banana Peeling, and  Banana Catsup. . Banana Puree Bananas for puree production ideally should be harvested at the point of maturity. Ripened bananas at color index 6 and 7 are selected and washed thoroughly to remove adhering dirt and any chemical residue that may be present. Bananas are then blanched with either food grade steam or boiling water until a center  temperature of  93 °C is reached. A medium size, unpeeled banana requires 10 to 15 minutes to attain this temperature. Blanched bananas are then cooled and peeled. The puree is then obtained by passing peeled blanched bananas in communition machines. Banana puree has an attractive color, fine texture and retain its fruity flavor. Banana puree developed must be further treated to ensure their preservation until the moment of final utilization and  processing. The puree can be frozen, canned or aseptically packed. The puree is used for beverage industry, baby foods, snack foods, jam and sauces. 2. Banana Powder Banana powder has a great potential for commercialization. It has a high sugar and low starch content and can be used as a substitute for fresh banana in making traditional cakes or their premixes as well as in the  processing  of banana snacks, crackers or crisps. Banana puree  processing  is the first step in  banana powder  processing, followed by drying. Good quality puree with proper drying produces good quality powder. Spoilage due to microbial and enzymic activity is greatly reduced at the moisture level of 7. 0% but caking is easily developed in  banana powder  during storage if improper packaging materials are used for the purpose due to its high sugar content. The quality of  banana powder  is determined by the color, flavor, texture and moisture content. These are affected by the varieties of bananas and  processing  operations specially blanching process. Good quality powder is produced from the bananas of right variety and degree of ripeness. Immature or overripe fruits should be excluded from the bulk. Blanching is an important step in  banana powder  processing  for controlling discoloration in the product. There are two main types of color changes: discoloration caused by either tin or zinc present in the peel rags and browning due to a very active oxidative enzymes. The optimum activity of the enzymes responsible for discoloration is around pH 7. 3. 3. Banana Jam Banana with sweet taste, fine flavor and texture can be processed into excellent jam. The  processing  of the product is basically similar to that of other fruit jam. Banana puree having total soluble solid and pH value in the range of 24-26 ° Brix and 4. 4-4. 6 respectively are the main ingredients used in the  processing  of banana jam. The proportion of banana puree, sugar, pectin and citric acid used in the  processing  of banana jam should be given special emphasis in order to produce a clear and fine texture jam. Banana jam has a good shelf-life. Machinery to be installed and used: Pulper, Juice Extractors, Mixer/Grinders, Cap Sealing Machines, Slicers, Bottle Washing Machine 4. Banana Sauce Banana sauce is a ready-to-eat to sauce. It is used for moistening, flavour control and as a garnish to make food more delicious. The sauce has a strong banana taste and flavour and a dull yellow-red colour. The total soluble solid content varies from 39-40 °Brix depending on the variety of bananas. It has a shelf-life of one year when stored in bottles. 5. Banana Drink Banana puree is used extensively in the  processing  of straight banana drink. This banana drink needs no dilution before consumption. The product is pasteurized at 90 °C to destroy microorganisms, molds and yeasts before bottling. It can also be canned or aseptically packed. The drink has the total soluble solid content of 12-13 °Brix and pH of 4. 0. The drink may or may not be sweetened. The sweetening agent used can either be sucrose or a combination of sucrose and HFGS. In the enzymatic treated banana drink, pectinase and amylase are added after the acidification process to produce a clear drink. 6. Pastillas De Saging * Boil ripe Saba, then peel and slice to 3-cm thick. * Prepared half a cup of water for every two cups of sliced banana and 300 grams sugar for every kilo of the same. Mix and mash the ingredients and cook in low heat while mixing until the ingredients become uniform, shiny, and no longer stick to tha pan. * Tranfer the mixture to a kneading board covered with wax paper and with sugar sprinkled over it. Press with a long rolling pin until the mixture becomes 1-cm thick, then add butter and sugar according to taste. Slice to piece 4 cm x 4 cm thick. Let cool before packing in candy wrappers. 7. Banana Figs * Select firm, ripe Cavendish bananas. * Peel. * Blanch for 30 seconds in boiling syrup made up of one part water and ? part sugar. Brown sugar may be used. * Cook for one minute. Remove from fire and let bananas soak in the syrup overnight. * Drain bananas. * Add ? part sugar to syrup and boil. * Add bananas and cook for one minute. * Everyday for three more days, concentrate syrup by boiling for five to seven minutes. * Soak bananas. On the final concentration, the syrup must attain a thick consistency. * Soak bananas in the thick syrup for a we ek to plump and be thoroughly impregnated with syrup. * Drain bananas and dry. The figs when dried can be handled without sticking to the finger. 8. Banana Vinegar Materials * One part peeled ripe bananas (25 pieces,medium-sized) * Two parts water * ? part sugar Procedures * Wash ripe bananas. * Peel and cut into pieces. * Add water and boil for five minutes * Cool. * Strain. * Add sugar and heat again * Cool again. * Pour into suitable containers. * Add one-teaspoon yeast for every kilo of fruit used. * Plug mouthy of container with a piece of paper to protect it from dust * Ferment to two to three weeks * Siphon out clear, fermented liquid into a sterilized container. * Add 100 cc of mother liquor to every kilo of fruit used. * Plug mouth of container with cotton and cover it with clean paper. * Ferment for one to two months. * Pasteurize at 70 degrees Celsius  for 20 minutes. To Make Charcoal From The Banana  Fruit Posted on  May 17, 2007. Filed under:  General Information,  Local Content  | Posted by Maria Nakirya It is important that as we strive for a better sustainable society, we consider limiting global environmental threats. The CELAC project is conscious that a lot of trees are being cut in the name of getting charcoal and firewood, which is not only time consuming but also not environmentally friendly. The result will be an uninhabitable environment. As one way of protecting the environment, farmers can now make use of banana peelings to make banana charcoal. To prepare this; †¢Get half bucket of fresh banana peelings †¢A quarter of charcoal dust †¢A quarter of fine sand. (This is; ? :1/4:1/4 banana peelings, charcoal dust and sand respectively) †¢Slice the peelings and mix the three ingredients. The banana sap will help make the mixture tighten together. †¢Cut the mixture into smaller portions †¢Dry them in the sun, and use to cook as required. Apart from saving the trees and the amount of resources spent; when the banana peelings charcoal is used to cook, less smoke is ejected, there by further protecting the air we all share. Banana Fiber Banana plant not only gives the delicious fruit but it also provides textile fiber, the  banana fiber. It grows easily as it sets out young shoots and is most commonly found in hot tropical climates. All varieties of banana plants have fibers in abundance. These fibers are obtained after the fruit is harvested and fall in the group of bast fibers. This plant has long been a good source for high quality textiles in many parts of the world, especially in Japan and Nepal. Extraction of Banana Fiber The processes for making yarn from banana fibers vary from region to region. Most popular methods among these are those followed in Japan and Nepal. Japanese Method The cultivation of banana for clothing and other household use in Japan dates back to the 13th century. In the Japanese method of making banana fiber, the care is taken right from the stage of plant cultivation. The leaves and shoots of the banana plant are pruned periodically to ensure their softness. The harvested shoots are first boiled in lye to prepare the fibers for making the yarn. These banana shoots give away fibers having varying degrees of softness. This further results in yarns and textiles with differing qualities that can be used for specific purposes. The outermost fibers of the shoots are the coarsest ones. They are therefore, more suitable for making such  home furnishings  as tablecloths. The softest part is the innermost part that gives soft fibers which are widely used for making kimono and kamishimo, the traditional Japanese apparels. The banana cloth making process is a lengthy one and all the steps are performed by hand. Nepalese Method In Nepal, the trunk of the banana plant is harvested instead of the shoots. Small pieces of these trunks are put through a softening process for mechanical extraction of the fibers, and then bleaching, and drying. The fiber obtained thus has appearance similar to silk which has become popular as banana silk fiber yarn. This fiber is refined, processed and skeined mostly by the Nepalese women. Only the aged bark or the decaying outer layers of the banana plant are harvested and soaked in water to quicken the natural process. When all the chlorophyll is dissolved, only the cellulose fibers remain. They are extruded into pulp so that they may become suitable for spinning into yarn. The yarn is then hand- dyed. They have high textural quality similar to silk and as such employed in making high end  rugs. These traditional rugs are woven by hand-knotted methods again by the women of Nepal. Characteristics of Banana Fiber Banana fiber is a natural bast fiber. It has its own physical and chemical characteristics and many other properties that make it a fine quality fiber. * Appearance of banana fiber is similar to that of  bamboo fiber  and ramie fiber, but its fineness and spinnability is better than the two. * The chemical composition of banana fiber is cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. It is highly strong fiber. * It has smaller elongation. * It has somewhat shiny appearance depending upon the extraction spinning process. * It is light weight. * It has strong moisture absorption quality. It absorbs as well as releases moisture very fast. * It is bio- degradable and has no negative effect on environment and thus can be categorized as eco-friendly fiber . * Its average fineness is 2400Nm. * It can be spun through almost all the methods of spinning including ring spinning, open-end spinning, bast fiber spinning, and semi-worsted spinning among others. Applications of Banana Fiber In the recent past, banana fiber had a very limited application and was primarily used for making items like ropes, mats, and some other composite materials. With the increasing environmental awareness and growing importance of eco-friendly fabrics, banana fiber has also been recognized for all its good qualities and now its application is increasing in other fields too such as apparel garments and home furnishings. However, in Japan, it is being used for making traditional dresses like kimono, and kamishimo since the Edo period (1600-1868). Due to its being lightweight and comfortable to wear, it is still preferred by people there as summer wear. Banana fiber is also used to make fine  cushion covers,  Necties,  bags,  table cloths, curtains etc. Rugs made from banana silk yarn fibers are also very popular world over. Innovation in Extraction Process of Banana Fiber The essentially hand driven process of extracting banana fiber is now set to change with the invention of the Banana Fiber Separator Machine. The machine has been developed in India by Tiruchirappalli Regional Engineering College Science Technology Entrepreneurs Park (TREC-STEP). One more interesting fact associated with the development of this machine is that it uses the agriculture waste of banana harvests to produce silk grade fiber. These silk grade fibers are of immense help to the handicrafts and textile industry. What was previously considered an agricultural waste is now converted to a raw material for good quality silk grade fiber yarn. Application of Rice Husk Charcoal on Remediation of Acid Soil JournalMaterials Science Forum  (Volume 685) VolumeEnergy, Environment and Biological Materials Edited  byKunyuan Gao, Shaoxiong Zhou, Xinqing Zhao Pages169-180 DOI10. 4028/www. scientific. et/MSF. 685. 169 CitationChuan Chi Chien et al. , 2011, Materials Science Forum, 685, 169 Online  sinceJune, 2011 AuthorsChuan Chi Chien,  Ying Pin Huang,  Jy Gau Sah,  Wen Jie Cheng,  Ru Yan Chang,  Yueh Shih Lu KeywordsRice Husk as Waste,  Rice Husk Charcoal,  Rice Husk Vinegar,  Vertical Type Continuous Furnace Abstract About 1 million tons of wa ste rice husk are generated in Taiwan each year. Rice husk has high concentrations of nutrients, such as silicon and potassium. However, it is not decomposed easily because it contains over 70% of cellulose and lignin and hence it is not suitable to be added into soil. In this study, a large quantity of rice husk is carbonized by vertical type continuous carbonization furnace without the presence of oxygen. After it is carbonized, it becomes rice husk charcoal (RHC) and vinegar (RHV). We have found that the addition of RHC carbonized at 600 and 700? to soil can increase the soil’s concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium and silicon as well as its pH value (i. e. , lowering its acidity level). Therefore, RHC is a great soil modifier because it can lower the soil’s acidity and increase the soil’s nutrients. According to our experiments, the pH values of the mixtures in different ratios exhibited an increasing and steady of final condition in the 80-day period. The reason was that the CEC (cation exchange capacity) of the mixtures were increased, the specific surface areas of the mixtures increased and the mixtures’ acidity levels were lowered. Therefore, the incorporation of RHC in the soil would benefit the soil on a long-term basis. Vinegar is a versatile liquid that results from the fermentation of ethanol in an alcohol-containing liquid, such as wine, fermented fruit juice, or beer. The key ingredient of vinegar is acetic acid, which gives it an acidic taste. There are two processes of fermentation that differ by speed of production. While the fast fermentation process takes only hours to days, it requires the use of machinery to promote the oxygenation. The slow fermentation process takes weeks to months and occurs naturally. Vinegar is commonly used in food preparation, particularly in pickling processes, vinaigrettes, and other salad dressings. It is an ingredient in sauces such as mustard, ketchup, and mayonnaise. It is often used as a condiment. Marinades often contain vinegar. There are many different types of vinegars, depending on what liquid the ethanol has been fermented in. In this process, we used Squash peelings to make an inexpensive vinegar. Making Vinegar from squash peelings is a good home-business to start with a low capital investment. Materials: * 1 kg. kalabasa peels cores * 1 1/2 cup   sugar * 1/2 tsp. yeast * 1 cup vinegar starter Utensils: * measuring cup * measuring spoon * knife * chopping board * casserole * stovecheese * clothwide-mouthed glass jars * thermometer PROCEDURE: 1. Wash peels and cores of kalabasa, add three (3) parts water for every part of peel. Boil for 15 minutes. 2. Strain, add 4 c water for every 4 cups of strained liquid from boiled peels/core. 3. Add ? c sugar for every 4 c diluted liquid. 4. Pasteurize at 60 – 65? C for 10-15 minutes. 5. Transfer in a sterilized container half-filled and cool. Add ? tsp yeast for every 4 c diluted liquid. Cover with clean cloth/paper. 6. Ferment for seven (7) days until alcohol content is about eight (8) percent by volume. 7. Pour gently the alcohol solution into another sterilized container so as not to disturb the sediments. Add one (1) cup vinegar starter for every four (4) cups of the solution. Cover with clean cloth/paper. 8. Set aside for 15-20 days then determine the acidity which is usually between 6-7 percent. 9. Decant/strain. Pasteurize at 60 – 65? C for 5 minutes. 10. Fill in sterilized bottle and seal tightly. 11. Label and store. Flour from Squash -Harina mula sa kalabasa Due to the increasing price of flour in the world market price of local bread is also increasing. Because we are not self sustaining in terms flour we cannot go against the flow of the world market. But in one article I have read we could use squash as an alternative source of flour. Here’s the article i am taking about: FLOUR FROM SQUASH Flour Procedure: 1. Wash and peel the squash, remove the core and seeds. 2. Slice into 1 x x cm. 3. Soak in 0. 01% sodium metabisulfite to preserve the natural food nutrients. 4. Wash in tap water, drain. 5. Blanch for 15 minutes, drain. 6. Dry in an oven at about 50-55 ° C. 7. Grind and strain several times. Pack in plastic bags and cover tightly. Source: ITDI , tekno tulong picture from:daisyflour. com

Yes Minister Is A Successful Satire. Discuss. Essays -

Yes Minister Is A Successful Satire. Discuss. The British comedy Yes Minister is a brilliant satire in which the characters are creatively manipulated to form a humorous program. It deals with the wheeling and dealing of political life behind the scenes and attempts to expose its true nature. Although the series is set within the British political scene, it deals with political games and clashes between politicians and the civil service that could be found almost anywhere in the world. Yes Minister started airing in 1980 on BBC 2 with each episode running for about 30 minutes. With its astounding success it ran for six years until Jim Hacker finally became what he always dreamt of throughout the course of the series: Prime Minister. At this point the BBC started a new series called Yes Prime Minister. The series is still shown on television today and people continue to enjoy the satirical British humour. In the third season of Yes Minister and for the first time on 11 November 1982, two years into the series, ran an episode called Equal Opportunities. As its title suggests it encompasses the issues to do with Equal Employment Opportunities, focusing on the Civil Services and their attitudes towards women in the workforce. As in other episodes of Yes Minister, Equal Opportunities aims to educate and summon change, while simultaneously entertaining the audience it is targeted towards. Clever incorporation of a variety of different types of humour creates a jovial fa?ade for the underlying issues. In Equal Opportunities it has allowed the exploration of each sexes emotions and thoughts towards each other in the workforce. A twist of irony occurs when Sarah announces that she is leaving the civil services. She explains to Jim Hacker that she wants a job that will appreciate her as a person and where she personally can achieve things and therefore has accepted a job at a merchant bank. She is absolutely not charmed by the fact that she would be part of a 25% quota and does not appreciate being patronised: Quite honestly, Minister, I want a job where I dont spend endless hours circulating information that isnt relevant, about subjects that dont matter to people who arent interested. I want a job where there is achievement rather than merely activity. I am tired of pushing paper. I want to be able to point to something and say: I did that. Sarcasm is used to cunningly say what is really meant without saying it straight out. What it does say straight out often defiantly contradicts its true meaning: We must, in my view, always have the right to promote the best man for the job, regardless of sex. Sir Humphrey makes out that hes being fair but by calling everyone man and then saying regardless of sex it appears as a contradiction. The use of dialogue allows the viewer a deeper insight into the characters involved in the show. While the male characters in Yes Minister deny being sexist and claim to be looking out for the best interests of women in the workforce, it is obvious through their use of sexist dialogue that this is not the case. Terms such as feminist touch and dear lady are frequently used when referring to women throughout the script. Sir Humphrey often uses circumlocution to confuse the issues. Euphemisms are used by many of the Public Servants involved to get around an issue or to make the issue sound better than what it really is: a pause to regroup, a lull in which to reassess the situation and discuss alternative strategies, a space of time for the mature reflection and deliberation. Yes, you mean drop the whole scheme. Attitudes of people who work in the Public Services are cross-examined and mocked. It is shown that many of the people within the Public Services are lazy, only care about their own success, and believe that advancements happen as a matter of turn: Minister! It takes time to do things! This plays on the fact that because so many people in the Services are caught up doing useless things or are so slow and lazy, it takes a long time to achieve anything major. Jim Hacker mentions Alexander the Great ruling at a very young age,

Old Testament Essays - Religion, Enma Eli, Mythology, Free Essays

Old Testament Essays - Religion, Enma Eli, Mythology, Free Essays Old Testament The Old Testament is a compilation, and like every compilation it has a wide variety of contributors who, in turn, have their individual influence upon the final work. It is no surprise, then, that there exist certain parallels between the Enuma Elish, the cosmogony of the Babylonians, and the Book of Genesis, the first part of the Pentateuch section of the Bible. In fact, arguments may be made that other Near Eastern texts, particularly Sumerian, have had their influences in Biblical texts. The extent of this 'borrowing', as it were, is not limited to the Bible; the Enuma Elish has its own roots in Sumerian mythology, predating the Enuma Elish by nearly a thousand years. A superficial examination of this evidence would erroneously lead one to believe that the Bible is somewhat a collection of older mythology re-written specifically for the Semites. In fact, what develops is that the writers have addressed each myth as a separate issue, and what the writers say is that their God surpasses every other. Each myth or text that has a counterpart in the Bible only serves to further an important idea among the Hebrews: there is but one God, and He is omnipotent, omniscient, and other-worldly; He is not of this world, but outside it, apart from it. The idea of a monotheistic religion is first evinced in recorded history with Judaism, and it is vital to see that instead of being an example of plagiarism, the Book of Genesis is a meticulously composed document that will set apart the Hebrew God from the others before, and after. To get a clear picture of the way the Book of Genesis may have been formed (because we can only guess with some degree of certainty), we must place in somewhere in time, and then define the cultures in that time. The influences, possible and probable, must be illustrated, and then we may draw our conclusions. If we trace back to the first appearance of the Bible in written form, in its earliest translation, we arrive at 444 B.C.. Two texts, components of the Pentateuch referred to as 'J' and 'E' texts, can be traced to around 650 B.C. Note that 'J' refers to Yahweh (YHVH) texts, characterized by the use of the word 'Yahweh' or 'Lord' in accounts; 'E' refers to Elohist texts, which use, naturally, 'Elohim' in its references to God.1 But 650 B.C. isn't our oldest reference to the 'J' and 'E' texts; they can be traced, along with the other three strands of the Pentateuch, to at least 1000 B.C. Our first compilation of these strands existed in 650 B.C.. We must therefore begin our search further back in time. We can begin with the father of the Hebrew people, Abraham. We can deduce when he lived, and find that he lived around 1900 B.C. in ancient Mesopotamia2. If we examine his world and its culture, we may find the reasons behind certain references in Genesis, and the mythologies they resemble. The First Babylonian Dynasty had begun around 1950 B.C. and would last well into the late 16th century B.C.. The Babylonians had just conquered a land previously under the control of the Assyrians, and before that, the Summering. Abraham had lived during a time of great prosperity and a remarkably advanced culture. He was initially believed to have come from the city of Ur, as given in the Bible as "...the Ur of Chaldees". Earlier translations read, however, simply "...Land of the Chaldees"; later, it was deduced that Abraham had come from a city called Haran3. In any case, he lived in a thriving and prosperous world. Homes were comfortable, even luxurious. Copies of hymns were found next to mathematical tablets detailing formulae for extracting square and cube roots.4 The level of sophistication 4000 years ago is remarkable. We can also deduce that it was a relatively stable and peaceful society; its art is characterized by the absence of any warlike activity, paintings or sculptures.5 We also have evidence of an Israelite tribe, the Benjamites, in Babylonian texts. The Benjamites were nomads on the frontier of its boundaries, and certainly came in contact with Babylonian ideas- culture, religion, ethics. The early tribes of Israel were nomadic, "taking with them the early traditions, and in varying latitudes have modified it"6 according to external influences. The message remained constant, but the context would subtly change. In addition to the Benjamites in Mesopotamia, there were tribes of Israel in Egypt during the Egyptian Middle Kingdom period7, which certainly exposed these people to Egyptian culture

Strategic Choice and Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Strategic Choice and Analysis - Assignment Example Stephen Haines' Centre for Strategic Management has built a new strategic planning system based on systems thinking and calls it the 21st Century Yearly Strategic Management System and Cycle. This system moves beyond planning into implementation. It includes a Plan-to-Plan phase and a Plan-to-Implement phase. The steps include team building and leadership skill building as part of the planning. It also includes a parallel process whereby all key stakeholders are involved based on the premise that 'People support what they help create'. This process starts with a Futuristic Environmental Scan and defines the ideal vision in terms of mission, values and end outcomes that the organization wishes to set for itself. Only after the statement of such Ideal Future a Current State assessment based on SWOT is taken up to identify the gaps and make strategies to close the gap.As a result of their clients adopting this model, it was found that clients began developing the competitive edge and th e organization was much clearer on what their competitive "positioning" in market place was and found themselves moving positively in that direction, to the delight of their customers.(Haines,2004).Thus this process leans directly into the process of competitive strategy making as it includes environmental scan both-present and future and enables movement in the desired direction. However this system's parallel process is a very critical aspect and strategic management literature has a common view that good strategies grow out of ideas that have been floating around the firm, and initiatives that have been taken by all sorts of people in the firm. This resource must be drawn upon as frequently as required even in competitive strategy making. Thus a company's competitive strategy would concern primarily with its actions and plans for competing successfully - its specific and focused efforts to please clients, its offensive and defensive maneuvers to counter similar efforts of rivals, its responses to prevailing market conditions, and its initiatives to strengthen and improve its market position. Types of Competitive Strategies The generic competitive strategies and their standard objectives have been given in numerous strategic management literatures to include the following: (a) Overall Low-Cost Leadership Strategy: Its primary object is to find a sustainable cost advantage over rivals, using lower-cost edge as a basis either to under-price rivals and reap market share gains or earn higher profit margin by selling at going price. (b) Broad Differentiation Strategy: Its primary objective is to incorporate differentiating features that cause buyers to prefer firm's product or service over rival brands. Looking on the obverse side it implies that an organization must find ways to differentiate that create value for buyers and that such ways should not be amenable to easy copying and matching by rivals. An important differentiation strategy is not to spend more than the chargeable price premium, ever to achieve differentiation. This is in fact the theoretical

Effect of the Charities Act 2006 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effect of the Charities Act 2006 - Essay Example The Statute of Elizabeth, referred by many to as The Statute of Charitable Uses 1601 was the first legal conception of the charities trust. The Act defined charity in its preamble as, land, profits, and goods set aside for the benefit of the society from soldiers to school going children and the poor and elderly1. The Mortmain and Charitable Use Act 1888 changed a lot of the Statute of Elizabeth but maintained the introductory part of charities as per the Act. In a court ruling in the Goodman v Saltash Corporation [1882] 7 App Cas 633 case, the court was in favor that, goods were given to people in a town or village as charitable2. The Charities Act 1960 revoked all the previous statutes on charities leaving the interpretation of the term charities to fall under the purview of the law of England and Wales. Â  The designation of a charitable organization in the United Kingdom’s statute law, according to the Charities Act 2006, is an institution whose establishment is for charitable purposes alone. Some of the charitable purposes according to the Act include; the advancement of education, religion, and prevention of poverty. The charitable purposes also include the advancement of citizenship, health, animal welfare, arts, culture, heritage, and amateur sport, among others3. However, for the purposes of convenience in classifying the aims of charity, Lord Macnaghten in 1891 when ruling the Commissioners for Special Income Tax v Pemsel [1891] AC 531 case put the aims under four heads. These heads are; the reprieve of poverty, the advancement of education, the advancement of religion, and any purposes that are of benefit to society4. In order for an organization to be fully a charitable organization, one ought to be able to identify benefits rising from organizations to the advantag e of the society.

Expression of TDP43 in Development of ALS Model Zebrafish

Expression of TDP43 in Development of ALS Model Zebrafish Change in expression of TDP43 in various organs during development of ALS model zebrafish. Anuj Dhoj Raut Introduction Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the devastating motor neuron disease that is characterized by progressive degeneration of both upper and lower motor neuron that control voluntary movement of body. The degeneration of the neurons seen in ALS result in muscle weakness, spasticity and atrophy of both cranial and spinal nerves muscle groups. Since there is often respiratory muscle involvement, aspiration pneumonia is the most common cause of death for the patients with ALS. At present, ALS is invariably fatal disease with no absolute cure and patients usually die within 3-5 years after the clinical onset of symptoms. The mean age of onset of ALS is between 55 and 65 years with slightly more prevalence in male (Male: Female ratio ~ 1.5:1) (1). Even though, incidence rate of ALS are different in different countries of the world, globally average annual incident rate is between 1.5 and 2.5 per 100,000 populations. There has been an increase in death rate of ALS and current internatio nal death rates for ALS have be close to 1 per 100,000 population per year(1). Currently, riluzole, an inhibitor of glutamate release, is the only disease modifying treatment available for the disease and can extends life only for couple of months (2,3). The etiology of ALS is currently unknown. However, approximately 10% of ALS patients have family history for ALS (Familial ALS;FALS) and remaining 90% of case occur sporadically (Sporadic ALS; SALS)(4). Although definitive evidence for environmental factor that cause ALS has remain mostly unknown, the evidence of genetic alternation that cause ALS has been increasing. Till date, only known cause of ALS is mutation in the gene. Mutations in more than 13 different types of genes have already been identified that can cause FALS. FALS is often a Mendelian inheritance with high penetrance, although most cases are autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, autosomal recessive pedigrees have also been reported (5,6). Even though, FALS are cause due to genetic alternation, FALS are indistinguishable from SALS form histopathological perspective and both the types’ presents with similar sign and symptoms, thus suggesting common intra-cellular processes that lead to the disease symptoms. Among those 13 different types of gene mutation that causes FALS, mutation in Transactive response DNA binding Protein 43kDa (TDP-43) gene is seen in approximately 4% of FALS and 2% of SALS (7). Transactive response DNA binding protein 43kDa (TDP-43) is a DNA/RNA-binding protein encode by the TARDBP gene on chromosome 1. TDP-43 is an ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein capable of shutting between the nucleus and cytoplasm (8). TDP43 is present in almost all the tissue of a body and have different roles in different tissues (9). Although the precise cellular function of TDP-43 is unknown, TDP-43 has been implicated in regulating of gene transcription (9),alternative exon splicing (10) and mRNA stability (11). Under normal physiological conditions, TDP-43 resides predominantly in the nucleus where it involved in gene expression. But, in abnormal pathological conditions such as ALS, TDP-43 is mislocalized in the cytoplasm as inclusions body (12,13) . Analysis of TDP-43 in the brain and spinal cord of ALS patients reveled that TDP-43 is pathologically modified and redistribution to the cytoplasm, which is accompanied by loss of normal nuclear function and a toxic gain-of-function in the cytoplasm (14,15). The mislocalization of TDP-43 into cytoplasm is believed to be cause of neuron loss in ALS patients. Moreover, TDP-43 positive inclusions are also found either independent or partially colocalize with the other characteristic inclusion, such as tau, ÃŽ ±-synuclei, ÃŽ ²-amyloid and polyglutamines, which are found in other neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer’s disease, Pick disease and Parkinson’s disease. Interestingly, TDP-43 positive cytoplasmic inclusion are found in almost all ALS patient along with other neurodegenerative disease (16). Although evidence suggest that there is a definitive association between ALS and TDP-43, above observations make it confusing to whether TDP-43 pathology is causative or a secondary response in this disease. Studies done to unravel if TDP-43 is pathology or secondary response to ALS have come with conflicting result. Moreover, the present of TDP-43 in inclusion body of another neurodegenerative has been a mystery. The precise role of TDP-43 in ALS and other neurodegenerative disease is not well known and needs further evaluation. Study, in the mouse has shown that TDP-43 protein is essential for normal prenatal development. Homozygous loss of TDP-43 in mouse cause early embryo death. But, in heterozygous loss TDP-43 mouse, the TDP-43 protein levels were nearly normal suggesting an auto-regulatory mechanism controlling this protein levels(17,18). Moreover, research on mRNA expression levels of TDP-43 protein in various tissues has shown that TDP-43 plays different roles in different tissue(9). Furthermore, about 40 different mutant in TDP-43 have already been identified so far that is associated with ALS (10). But all this various types of mutations in TDP43 have only affected motor nerve of spinal cord and brain. At the same time, mutation and/or overexpression of TDP-43 has not cause any pathology alternation in other cells and tissue of the body or has been found to be associated with diseases of other organ system. A protein that is so vital for a development of organisms that it’s absent cause deat h, but when there is mutation in its gene has only abnormalities in nervous system and that abnormalities are evidence after mid-life is yet to be understood. Moreover, within the nervous system mutation in TDP-43 seems to affect only motor neuron and at the same time spares other neuron such as sensory, autonomic nervous system. And this preference to the motor neuron by mutant TDP-43 is even seen till the late stage of the disease. Physiological roles of TDP-43 and early cellular pathogenic effects caused by disease associated mutations in differentiated neurons is yet to be fully understand. Causative link between TDP-43 positive inclusion and ALS can be well established, if nuclear to cytoplasmic expression of mutant TDP-43 could be study in vivo and in real time. And at the same time, will also be able to understand if TDP-43 pathology is causative or a secondary response to ALS and other neurodegenerative disease. Transgenic rodent models of ALS have been extremely valuable in providing some insight into biological mechanisms underlying ALS. But, due to difficulty in conducting in vivo real time study with rodent, change in intra cellular expression of TDP-43 has not being well understand. The zebrafish has recently emerged as powerful genetic model system for studying ALS. External development and transparency make it great tool to study the development stages of almost all the organ. External development of its eggs allows easy observation and manipulation of early development process. And, transparency makes is a powerful tool to observe the change at cellular level by using fluorescent reporters. With the help of fluorescent reporter, specific cell type and protein expression within those cells can be easily identify and study in vivo and in real time in zebrafish. In addition, zebrafish is a vertebrate and their nervous system is highly conserved with higher vertebrates including humans a nd many pertinent feature of the nervous system start to develop within 1 day of development. Moreover, genetic manipulations are comparatively easy in zebrafish. Therefore, zebrafish is a great model system to study the association of TDP-43 and ALS. In this study, I am trying to understand the change in expression of mutant and overexpressed TDP-43 protein in different tissue of zebrafish. At the same time also will be evaluating the change in expressions of TDP-43 as the zebrafish grow from embryo to adult. I will then compare the change in level of TDP-43 from asymptomatic stage of ALS zebrafish to that of symptomatic stage of ALS zebrafish. In order to conduct this experiment, transgenic zebrafish with human mutant TDP-43 will be created by genetic engineering. Human mutant TDP-43 will be fused with green florescent protein (GFP) before creating transgenic zebrafish. By combining human mutant TDP-43 with GFP will allow easy visualization of TDP-43 protein in zebrafish. Then, image of the fluorescent labeled TDP-43 at different stage of development of zebrafish period will be capture with fluorescent microscope. References 1.Logroscino, G., Traynor, B., Hardiman, O., Couratier, P., Mitchell, J., Swingler, R., and Beghi, E. (2008) Descriptive epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: new evidence and unsolved issues. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry 79, 6-11 2.Bensimon, G., Lacomblez, L., and Meininger, V. (1994) A controlled trial of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ALS/Riluzole Study Group. The New England journal of medicine 330, 585-591 3.Miller, R., Mitchell, J., Lyon, M., and Moore, D. (2007) Riluzole for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/motor neuron disease (MND). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1 4.Pasinelli, P., and Brown, R. H. (2006) Molecular biology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: insights from genetics. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 7, 710-723 5.Mulder, D. W., Kurland, L. T., Offord, K. P., and Beard, C. M. (1986) Familial adult motor neuron disease: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 36, 511-517 6.Gros-Louis, F., Gaspar, C., and Rouleau, G. A. (2006) Genetics of familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biochimica et biophysica acta 1762, 956-972 7.Corrado, L., Ratti, A., Gellera, C., Buratti, E., Castellotti, B., Carlomagno, Y., Ticozzi, N., Mazzini, L., Testa, L., and Taroni, F. (2009) High frequency of TARDBP gene mutations in Italian patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Human mutation 30, 688-694 8.Winton, M. J., Igaz, L. M., Wong, M. M., Kwong, L. K., Trojanowski, J. Q., and Lee, V. M.-Y. (2008) Disturbance of nuclear and cytoplasmic TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) induces disease-like redistribution, sequestration, and aggregate formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 283, 13302-13309 9.Ou, S., Wu, F., Harrich, D., Garcà ­a-Martà ­nez, L. F., and Gaynor, R. B. (1995) Cloning and characterization of a novel cellular protein, TDP-43, that binds to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 TAR DNA sequence motifs. Journal of virology 69, 3584-3596 10.Lagier-Tourenne, C., Polymenidou, M., and Cleveland, D. W. (2010) TDP-43 and FUS/TLS: emerging roles in RNA processing and neurodegeneration. Human molecular genetics 19, R46-R64 11.Strong, M. J., Volkening, K., Hammond, R., Yang, W., Strong, W., Leystra-Lantz, C., and Shoesmith, C. (2007) TDP43 is a human low molecular weight neurofilament ( h NFL) mRNA-binding protein. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience 35, 320-327 12.Arai, T., Hasegawa, M., Akiyama, H., Ikeda, K., Nonaka, T., Mori, H., Mann, D., Tsuchiya, K., Yoshida, M., and Hashizume, Y. (2006) TDP-43 is a component of ubiquitin-positive tau-negative inclusions in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 351, 602-611 13.Mackenzie, I. R. (2007) The neuropathology of FTD associated with ALS. Alzheimer Disease Associated Disorders 21, S44-S49 14.Kabashi, E., Lin, L., Tradewell, M. L., Dion, P. A., Bercier, V., Bourgouin, P., Rochefort, D., Hadj, S. B., Durham, H. D., and Velde, C. V. (2010) Gain and loss of function of ALS-related mutations of TARDBP (TDP-43) cause motor deficits in vivo. Human molecular genetics 19, 671-683 15.Neumann, M. (2009) Molecular neuropathology of TDP-43 proteinopathies. International journal of molecular sciences 10, 232-246 16.Da Cruz, S., and Cleveland, D. W. (2011) Understanding the role of TDP-43 and FUS/TLS in ALS and beyond. Current opinion in neurobiology 21, 904-919 17.Kraemer, B. C., Schuck, T., Wheeler, J. M., Robinson, L. C., Trojanowski, J. Q., Lee, V. M., and Schellenberg, G. D. (2010) Loss of murine TDP-43 disrupts motor function and plays an essential role in embryogenesis. Acta neuropathologica 119, 409-419 18.Sephton, C. F., Good, S. K., Atkin, S., Dewey, C. M., Mayer, P., Herz, J., and Yu, G. (2010) TDP-43 is a developmentally regulated protein essential for early embryonic development. Journal of Biological Chemistry 285, 6826-6834

Spot The Difference Attitudes towards people onwelfare benefit in the 19th and 21st centuries

To be clear on the people who receive welfare benefits, it is necessary to divide everyone into classes. Even if people refuse to admit they are in a ‘class' there are clear characteristics of what class they belong to. This division that is still active now, was even more operational in the 19th century. It was a way of life that the higher you were in the social class and hierarchy, then the more successful and prosperous you were to become in life. It was also some times a case of where you lived. It was Charles Booth that marked on maps of London where each social class lived. Places like Mile End Road and Orsman Road contained the ‘vicious poor', the people at the bottom of the hierarchy. They were labelled as; ‘The lowest class which consists of some occasional labourers, street sellers, loafers, criminals and semi-criminals. Their life is the life of savages, with vicissitudes of extreme hardship and their only luxury is drink.' Although this may seem that Booth is being ‘snobbish', it was noted that Booth had sympathy for the poor. He worked with the lower class, and reported that it wasn't always necessary to have money to be happy. He described that although the poor were more likely to die of disease and less likely to survive, he thought that they seemed to be happier, without nurses and servants etc. That the rich are more likely to suffer from being spoiled than from harshness, ‘that the simple natural lives of working-class people tend to their own and their children's happiness more than the artificial complicated existence of the risk.' Now in the 21st century, these locational divides are still in place, although the locations of the ‘vicious' poor have changed. While it is more noticeable in the 19th century maps, the upper class and lower class virtually side by side, it is possible that people were more willing to tolerate each other, nowadays there are more clear divisions. This change could be due to people's tolerance and attitude towards different classes. However, it seems more apparent that there are different attitudes towards social classes. Usually, people aren't willing to live near people of a lower class, places like council estates accommodate people of the same status, but they are prepared to pay taxes towards their welfare and benefits. During the 1800's the conditions of the workhouses, and the ‘relief' from the government or parishes was of little help. People still struggled to make ends meet. The rule was that no one got above the lowest workers wage, which was 12s to 15s a week. It was said that for a comfortable life, a worker needed a wage of 30s a week, concluding that few people had a comfortable life. In 1885, it was reported that 25% of the population lived in poverty, however, after Charles Booth investigated, and wrote Labour and Life of the People, he found that actually 35% of the population were in poverty. In simple terms, it was harder to receive help in the 19th century. Today there are fourteen types of benefits, including: benefits in kind for employees, child maintenance, council tax benefit, disability and carers benefits, housing benefit, incapacity benefit, income related benefits, invalid care allowance, mothers, widows and families benefits, retirement allowance, statutory sick pay, unemployment benefit, unfit for work benefits and war pensions and industrial injuries. While in the 19th century, it was an innovation to have the poor law, today there are 2.7 million people claiming incapacity benefit, and the government are trying to reduce this number. 1.610% of the population are on incapacity benefit; this is an immense difference from what it was in the 1800's. Although there are so many types of benefits, the government has become more active in getting people into work. The attitude of the government is that they need as many people in work as possible; they have introduced schemes such as EMA, something that would never have been thought of in the 19th century. People's attitude was that the government were doing something about the increasing poverty, at the expense of the economy. But why is the government making changes to benefits? The bottom line is that society has a responsibility to care for those unable to work. The government have introduced new schemes to prevent people from abusing benefits, the same thing that the government did in the 1800's when welfare was introduced. The changes proposed are likely to separate the seriously disabled or those suffering from terminal conditions such as cancer, who are unlikely ever to return to work, from those claiming to be incapacitated by a â€Å"bad back† or depression. People's attitudes have changed enormously from the 1800's to the present day. In the poor law days, going into the workhouse was shameful; people did as much as they could to prevent this, it was the lowest they could go. The workhouse conditions were terrible, starvation was often a common factor, families were separated and people's dignity and rights weren't an issue. People's attitudes today have changed a great deal over the years not because welfare benefits have changed, but because people's basic human rights have become more of a factor. It is expected that people who cant feed and look after themselves or their family, can receive help from the government. This way of thinking has developed partly from the original poor law. People started thinking that they needed to help others, even if it meant paying in taxes. Today, although people aren't ‘proud' of receiving benefit, it has become more acceptable; it is possible for people to stay on benefits their whole lives however, it costs the government à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12 billion a year to fund benefits. This extra spending has been criticised by certain groups. There a lot of differences between 19th and 21st century welfare benefit. People's attitudes today mean that it is common for people to receive benefits. They know that they can fill in a form and receive at least à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½55 a week, not including child allowance. Today people can live just as well as people who work, which has caused some protest. While it seems that in the 19th century, welfare was a last resort, they didn't want to receive help, partly because the standard of help sometimes wasn't better than being left to starve. From old maps of London, it can been seen that people used to live close to others of different classes, while today, it is more likely that people move to places that are within the same income bracket. This displays another way that attitudes have changed, that people aren't willing to live near people who cannot support themselves, or they live near people of similar means. However, some similarities can be found, although it can be assumed that today attitudes have become more relaxed, today's government tries to remain vigilant as it was years ago. The government are aware of people mistreating the benefit, and so have chosen the attitude to fight those who misuse it. This could include imprisonment and fines etc. People had more of a superior attitude towards people on benefits in the 1800's, it was assumed by some that these poor were too lazy to work and the same can be said for today. But the underlying principle still remains, in the 19th century and 21st, welfare benefits are aimed to help people, and although people may have different feelings about those dependant on welfare, the benefits will still remain in place.

Dehumanization in Night Essay

Night is a heart pulling memoir of its young Jewish author, Ellie Weasel, and his experiences in the Holocaust. The book begins with him living in the town of Sighet. He had a very sheltered life, with no accounts of negativity in the world. He and his family were also raised heavily on Jewish beliefs. One day a man by the name of Moshe the beadle comes to warn the people of the dangers of the Nazis. Unfortunately the people did not heed this and Sighet was invaded by Nazis. Weasel and his family are taken and separated. He only had his father now and they braved much torture and mal treatment by the kapos in the camps. At the end of it all only weasel himself made it out alive, though a brutal scar was marked upon his soul. He’d lost his family and his faith at those camps. But through all his sorrow and loss he wanted to share his accounts in this dark volume of his life, so that people understand what the Jews went through all those years ago. This led him to write Night, where in which Weasel points out the inhumanity towards other humans during the holocaust as one of the themes of his chilling story. One of the major factors that contribute to this theme is actually one of the first cruel things he encountered was the Nazis. At first on the other had he didn’t see them for the monstrous people that they were. In the book Eliezer, Weasels character, even recalls, â€Å"Our first impressions of the Germans were most reassuring†¦. Their attitude toward their hosts was distant, but polite.† But this is just one of the many aspects of the holocaust that was tremendously misunderstood. But even more so unthinkable was the cold-blooded butchery of millions of innocent people. As the memoir progresses you will see how Weasel puts a spotlight of the actions of the Nazis by first seeing them as humans beings but then later on reveals the evil deeds that they commit upon innocent Jews. Night also exhibits how inhumanity can spread to others who have been shown inhumanity. This is shown when the Jews start to turn on each other, instead of braving their harsh treatment together. It is even said by a Kapo: â€Å"Here, every man has to fight for himself and not think of anyone else. . . . Here, there are no fathers, no brothers, no friends. Everyone lives and dies for himself alone.† Because the Kapo are also just prisoners that are in control of the other prisoners, this is a very significant message. They were happy to help the Nazis in their plans for genocide. This led them to act really ruthlessly towards those under their command. In the fifth section of the book Eliezer mentions them as being, â€Å"functionaries of death.† The perspective of the Kapos show how those effected by the Holocaust can use inhumanity to infect other people like it as a virus.

Social Networking The Best Guinea Pig - 2083 Words

The purpose of social networking was originally meant to open our eyes to the world, not blind us from reality. As the first generation to grow up with social networking, Generation Y is the best guinea pig to observe how humans begin to interact with one another while in constant global communication. Social networking has enabled the world to unify, spread ideas, communicate, and spread news quicker than ever before. Humans are now able to stay in touch while in completely different places. There is no more need to send letters or wait until the next day to read the newspaper because social media offers an instantaneous ability to inform the individual and the public. Additionally, people are now able to meet new â€Å"friends† through†¦show more content†¦This is where social media came in use. In order to spread the word for help people began tweeting out to map coordinates to inform the rescue teams where a person in need was. Also, the survivors were able to uti lize Facebook in order to link up with loved ones who were separated from the natural disaster (Howerton). Due to social networking many more lives were able to be saved that may have been lost without it. It provided a fast and easy ways for rescue teams to locate people in need. Social media is important because it always a quick response to emergencies. Also, it provides an emergency prompter to inform the general public of a possible incoming disaster. Next, scientists have been able to use social networking in order to share their experimental data. In the effort to find all the mutations associated with cancer many scientists felt it better to work together in order to share data. As a result, when â€Å"sequence data would come off the machine†¦ it was immediately posted on internet accessible data sets that could be accessed by all the investigators in the project as well as other scientists interested in looking at the data† (Sawyers). Without the ability to ins tantly share information scientists would not be able to have the most up to date information at all times. Investigators are now able to share their information, successes, and failures with others in order to keep modifying science. Medicine is at a great advantage because now doctors can easily